Definition
The operating system can also be defined as the leading software of any computer; it is responsible for operating the device and the rest of the software properly. When the computer is turned on, the device copies operating system files from the hard drive to the memory.
So that the CPU can execute the device’s orders without having to know the details of operations within the computer, and the operating system requires programmers at the highest level to write, develop, and maintain.
Operating System Tasks
The functions of each operating system vary depending on the type of computer. Large computers whose work requires connecting to other devices. Or allowing more than one person to use them simultaneously. They need an operating system to help them deal with computer units and accessories.
In contrast, personal computers are more straightforward because they deal with one user and simple processes. The functions of the operating system are as follows: data path control: the operating system manages data flow and trajectory by controlling its movement between computer units.
Control of input and output units: You can do it by controlling the process of entering data into your computer through input modules, such as a keyboard, mouse, processing monitoring, and then displaying data on output units such as the screen or printer.
Crash detection: the system operates special software when a particular malfunction occurs, detects malfunctions, and reports on the malfunction. Control of the central memory unit: some operating systems can run more than one program simultaneously.
And some allow more than one user to work on the device simultaneously; the role of the operating system here is to distribute the main memory to more than one user if more than one user is connecting to the computer.
User connectivity: The operating system is a means of communication between the computer and the user; it acts as a translator between the user and the computer. Where the user helps the computer to follow the software and commands executed by displaying it on the command screen, to guide the computer correctly, by showing user interfaces.
Operating Systems Mechanism
It follows a process chart to carry out the tasks assigned to it and goes through several stages:
Operation: It is the system that only reads and executes instructions store in the reading memory when the computer is turned on.
Check: Input Unites, and Output Unites are checked by the operating system for safety. download
system: after making sure the input and output units are safe. A load of the operating systems is from soft and hard disks.
Receiving orders: this is by taking orders from the computer user to execute by the operating system.
System Operation
The most critical stage is that the system performs user orders as soon as the download and receipt of commands are complete through applied software. The process ends and repeats: at the last stage. The operating system returns to the first step and remains to wait for new orders from the user to start executing them in the same way again.
Types of Operating Systems
It includes several types that can explain as follows: using methods by several programs. The operating system divides in terms of its ability to run more than one program for the user himself into two parts:
Multitasking: Here, the user can handle more than one program at the same time. Single-Tasking: This system does not allow the user to run more than one program simultaneously. Operating systems by the number of users using methods divide in terms of the number of users into two parts:
Multi-User: A system that allows the software to operate on a computer by more than one user simultaneously. Single-User: A system that allows no more than one user to run software on a computer simultaneously. By the number of users and programs. We conclude that the types of operating systems boil down to:
Single-task system: allows one user to work on the device; Single-user multitasking system: This type is common in PCs. We use it to carry out a set of commands for a single user, and its ability to multi-perform tasks, such as Windows, Mac.
Trampling operating system Disk Operating System – DOS means disk type, a single-task pc type, a first-generation type.
The appearance was in 1981 and is produced by IBM, Microsoft is develop to make a version (MS-Dos), which is stated to be compatible with Intel processors.
Macintosh operating system apple mac. The first company to use graphical interfaces in 1984, developed it until the macs became the most text-free device. Because the ease of handling the system, and the system fits commonly used applications, allows for multitasking. Despite these devices’ advantages and ease of use, they are less widespread than pc-compatible devices (IBM).
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